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IMPORTANT ARTICLES

How to Easily and Quickly Memorize Some Spellings that Many Students Get Wrong

Here are easy and quick tricks for remembering some spellings.

Once you go through these, you'll automatically remember most of them.

To permanently remember them, you can come back and revise once or twice more.

My best wishes for you.

principle, principal - A principle is a rule

Notice that both the words "principle" and the word "rule" have the letter "e".

The principal in a college is the main person there.

stationary, stationery - You write on stationery.

Or, stationery uses envelopes.

Notice the letter "e".

arithmetic - Use this sentence: A Rat In The House May Eat The Ice Cream.

The first letter of each word in this sentence makes the spelling ARITHMETIC.

believe - Believe

has a "lie" in it.

committee

- MM, TT, and EE met in a committee.

conscience

- Does science have a conscience.

desert -

One "s" because it is so dry.

dessert

- Two "s" because it is so sweet.

separate

To spell separate, just remember that it contains "a rat".

cheque - Cheque

comes in a "Q".

entrance - There is no "enter" in entrance

That is, the word "enter" is not within the word "entrance".

Other things

50 years of space research

Friday, November 9, 2007

YURI GAGARIN (RUSSIA)
first man to go in space

Fifty years ago on October 4,1957, the Soviet Union took the entire world by storm with the brief announcement that its rocketeers had launched a tiny, beeping artificial satellite, a silvery,23-inch sphere, with insect-like whip antennas named sputnik-I into orbit. AS the years to come revealed , that a small step forward in space was big enough to trigger a worldwide revolution of sorts in space science.So, when the Russian government celebrated the golden jubilee of the launch of sputnik-I on October 4,2007, it brought alive the memory of those old enough to recall the historic feat achieved five decades ago.As there was no TV those days, the news of Sputnik-I's launch spread across the world via radio and News papers.

Though it was Sir Isacc Newton who thought of satellites way back in 1687, the modern sci-fi guru Sir Arthur C.Clarke proposed the idea of geostationary satellites for the first time in 1945. The battery-operated Sputnik-I, was the first attempt to bring that idea into shape whose signal lasted only 22days after launch, transmitted a few blips of radio noise from the low reaches of Earth's orbit. Since then, a sea change has occurred with much of the World's television and radio programming being disseminated today satellites.
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Sputnik-I, which orbited for three months, was launched as part of international Geophysical Year(IGY) of 1957-1958, a period of co-ordinated planetary studies. Shortly afterwards, it began a space race with the United States largely driven by politics and fear. Now, if we take a retrospective look at the myriad developments that have taken place since then, it is not difficult to notice that the face of space exploration has changed beyond recognition.

While Sputnik satellites ignited the world's imagination over the possibilities for space travel and the future of communications, it was congress' passage of the communications Satellite Act of 1962 that paved the way for commercialisation of satellite industry. On April 6,1965, the communication satellite corporation, or comsat, a government-backed telecommunications company, launched into space Early Bird, the first commercial satellite from Cape Canaveral in Florida, USA.

A Half-century after Sputnik (Russian for "fellow traveler"), the Earth moves in a cloud of more than 860 working satellites-commercial, military and scientific, according to union of Concerned Scientists. Not to mention a swarm of space junk them company.

The satellite industry has grown by leaps and bounds in the last 50 years, generating more than $100 billion annually. The technology itself has improved exponentially, offering a slew of commercial communications services that were once only dreamed of. But as the satellite industry matures, it faces issues in sky and on ground that could dampen growth.

Beyond them, hundreds of communications satellites rub elbows in a narrow ring, 22700 miles above the equator, orbiting once a day as world turns, so that they "hover" over the same spot. Still farther out, a scattered fleet of robotic probes is exploring the solar system on our behalf, and even poking into interstellar space. But all this was science fiction 50 years ago.

Today, satellites help provide much of the world's long-distance telecommunications both for traditional fixed lines as well as for cell phones, especially in hard-to-reach places like islands in the Pacific or the mountains of Central Asia. Without electromagnetic signal received from communication satellites, it would be impossible to watch any sport event live on TV or make ISD calls. Also, without satellite technology the new location-based services that cell phone operators are starting to offer would not exist. To be precise, modern satellite's optical, microwave, X-ray and infrared sensors provide information on almost everything. They are able to receive, amplify and re-transmit signals to 'dishes' throughout the world.

Russia and the United States continue to lead the rest the rest of the world in research and space flight. The two nations have put more than a hundred astronauts (not to mention plant seeds, fruit flies, and dog named laika) into space. What began as Cold War competition has since turned into cooperation, resulting in a state-of-the-art experimental lab orbiting Earth that has hosted researchers from around the world and contributed to scores of scientific studies.

Apart from Russia and USA, many other countries have since contributed technology, research and manpower to further the work being done at International space Station (ISS). The progress made by countries like China, India and some other countries over the last one decade is remarkable. China has already sent its astronauts in space and is poised to occupy the centrestage in space research. India, since the launch of Aryabhatta, its first satellite in 1975, has gone a long way to enter the elite club of nations, which have attained self-sufficiency in designing , developing and launching satellites. With the launch of the Italian satellite AGILE, the country's space research programme has entered the era of commercialization. Due to consistent efforts by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization), India has even started embarking on its ambitious moon mission in 2008.

Interestingly it is not just government's that are making strides but several well-funded entrepreneurs have also started travel a reality. A handful of private companies are making plans to bring tourists on suborbital flights and even to set up floating space hotels. Meanwhile, much of the technology that has been developed to facilities space exploration has benefited business. The commercial satellite market has turned into a multi billion dollar industry, albeit one with an uncertain future. And some of the most significant things to come out of Silicon Valley have their roots in NASA labs.

The vast commercial space industry today is dominated by entrepreneurs fired with a passion for adventurism and businessmen keen on investing in space research with a view to capitalising on the boom. Some of the leading names among the contemporary exponents of commercial space industry are Microsoft co-founder Mr.Paul Allen, Aerospace engineer and founder of Scaled Composites, Mr.Burt Rutan, Mr. Richard Branson, founderof Virgin Megastores and Space Adventures founder Mr. Peter Diamandis. Mr.Diamandis has founded more than four companies in space tourism and entertainment businesses, including Space Adventures, which takes private citizens to the International Space Station for between $25 million and $35 million.

The list of people who are poised to give new dimensions to space research and tourism through their efforts also include Amazon.com founder and billionaire Mr. Jeff Bezos, doom video game creator Mr.John Carmack and PayPal founder Mr.Elon Musk. Made wealthy by taking chances in fields like software, computers, aviation and the Internet, they're taking the risk in space that was once the sole domain of governments. They have pioneered a new private space race, 35 years after anyone has walked on the moon. The US-Soviet space race surely brought about technologies we now take for granted, ranging from satellite-based navigation to Tang. It also left an indelible mark on a generation that will shape the next 50 years of space exploration. They believe they can lay the groundwork for making space tourism as common and affordable as taking a flight from Delhi to Mumbai. Eventually, entrepreneurs belive they can colonies other planets so people will have a place to visit and stay. Executives also see space as an eventual trillion-dollar market for mining its vast resources in energy, minerals and real estate.

Today, many industry pundits and executives say there's a new era upon us. They describe the 17 years after Sputnik as first phase of a journey marked by new human and robotic exploration in space, and which culminated in the Skylab and Apollo missions. The second phase, from 1976 to 2007, was characterised by robotic missions to other planets like saturn, collecting data about the universe. excitement of pioneering human voices that was charaterised by early years.

Activities in the private industry come at a time when governments are stepping up thier efforts in space, too. The US President, Mr. George W. Bush has set NASA on a mission to put men back on moon by 2020, and then onto Mars between 2035 and 2037. Among other international efforts, Russia plans to build a new manned space transport system by 2015 and China plans to send another rover to the moon in 2012, to survey every inch of lunar surface.

posted by Unknown @ 4:15 AM

1 Comments:

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